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Map: Wildlife Polluted by Flame Retardants on Massive Scale

October 18, 2023

Belugas to Butterflies Plagued by Harmful Chemicals

Important notes: 

  • Many more studies on wildlife flame retardant (FR) exposure are not included on this map.
  • The absence of data does not mean an animal was not exposed to an FR, rather it means that scientists did not study that specific exposure.
  • The map does not include FR exposure in animals intended as food.
  • Wildlife and human environmental exposures from air, water, and food can continue decades after a specific FR is phased out.
  • FRs are used to meet flammability standards which do not always provide meaningful fire-safety benefits and can be coopted by those who profit financially from such standards.
  • FRs should only be used after their lack of health harm and value in preventing fires have been demonstrated.
  • The persistent, mobile, toxic, and bioaccumulative properties of FRs lead to continued widespread exposure and health harms, see examples below.

 

 

A selection of health effects of flame retardants in wildlife
 

Flame Retardant Animal Health Impact
Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
Killer Whales Estimated to threaten long-term viability of >50% global killer whale population
River Otters Associated with changes in thyroid & sex hormone levels
Polar Bears Associated with changes in thyroid hormone levels
Beluga Whales Altered vitamin A and E profiles
Ringed Seals Impacted health-related gene transcription
Killer Whales Altered gene transcription
PBDEs American Kestrels Lowered reproductive success, less copulation & pair bonding
Sea Lions Associated with urogenital cancer
Chinook Salmon Increased infectious disease susceptibility
Mice Decreased thyroid hormone concentrations
Polar Bears Associated with changes in thyroid hormone levels
Chlorinated paraffins Rats & Mice Increased liver, kidney, & thyroid tumors (SCCPs)
Rainbow Trout Diminished startle response, loss of equilibrium, liver lesions (SCCPs, MCPPs)
Zebrafish Altered thyroid hormone levels (SCCPs)
American Kestrels Reduced thyroid hormones (SCCPs)
Other halogenated FRs American Kestrels Likely obesogenic (DBE-DBCH)
American Kestrels Reduced vocalization, courtship, egg mass, & male parental behavior (HBCD)
American Kestrels Thyroid disruption, oxidative stress, altered heart & brain mass (EHTBB, TBPH)
Organophosphate FRs Rats & Mice Increased liver and kidney tumors (TCPP)
Japanese Quail Thyroidal effects, suppressed growth, reduced metabolic rate (TPhP)
Zebrafish Altered motility & anxiety-related behavior (IPP, BPDP, EHDP)
Mice Oxidative stress & endocrine disruption, e.g. decreased testosterone (TCEP, TPP)
Zebrafish Altered hormone levels, decreased egg production, & malformation (TDCPP)

The above health impacts are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to health harms experienced by wildlife due to the use of flame retardant chemicals in products before safety and efficacy are demonstrated.  Flame retardants also cause health harm in humans, including:

  • Endocrine disruption
  • Neurodevelopmental effects
  • Decreased fertility
  • Some cancers

 

Learn more about flame retardants at SixClasses.org and how to reduce your exposure here.

 


Flame retardant chemical abbreviations: